terminatorX is a realtime audio synthesizer that allows you to "scratch" on digitally sampled audio data (*.wav, *.au, *.ogg, *.mp3, etc.) the way hiphop-DJs scratch on vinyl records.

# terminatorX - Manual

Alexander
König
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Alexander König
terminatorX Manual &version;
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Version &version;

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. You can find a copy of the GFDL at this link or in the file COPYING-DOCS distributed with this manual.

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## Introduction

### What it is

terminatorX is a realtime audio synthesizer that allows you to "scratch" on digitally sampled audio data (*.wav, *.au, *.ogg, *.mp3, etc.) the way hiphop-DJs scratch on vinyl records. It features multiple turntables, realtime effects (buit-in as well as LADSPA plugin effects), a sequencer and MIDI interface - all accessible through an easy-to-use gtk+ GUI.

This is software may have bugs please help fixing them. See . Please read this manual and visit the homepage.

### Quickstart

Try the following steps:

1. If you don't have LADSPA (Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API) installed, go and get it from the LADSPA-homepage and install the SDK. terminatorX requires `ladspa.h`.

2. Install terminatorX (see `INSTALL` file)

3. If you want to use the JACK backend run jackd before starting terminatorX.

4. Run terminatorX

5. Setup Audio Output via Options/Preferences.

6. Load an audiofile into the available turntable (you can add more turntables if you want) (Hint: Click on the button that holds "NONE" to load an audiofile, or drop one over the audiofile display from your GNOME filemanager.

7. Load a LADSPA plugin of your choice by clicking the turntable's FX button and enable it.

8. Click on the "Audio Engine"-button to start playback.

9. Click on the "Mouse-Grab"-button to enter grab mode. The turntable with the red border has the input focus.

10. Press SPACE or left mouse button to scratch.

11. Release SPACE or left mouse button to let the scratch-file run at the turntable's default speed.

12. Press ESCAPE to quit grab mode.

### Features

The following list summarizes terminatorX' main features:

- Scratching

- Multiple turntables

- Built-in Sequencer

- MIDI Interface

- Pitch / Volume settings for each turntable

- Effects (Lowpass/Echo) configurable for each turntable

- Syncing tables to one master turntable

- Broad audiofile-type support

- Record to disk

- Save and Load turntable sets (.tX - files)

- Support for LADSPA plugins.

- Support for the JACK Audio Connection Kit

- and more

### Requirements

To run terminatorX a system should meet the following requirements:

- Software

  - required

    - a reasonable up-to-date Linux, reported to run on FreeBSD,too

    - glibc2 (pthreads).

    - The Gimp Toolkit: gtk+ (>= 3.0). If your distribution doesn't provide a current version (which is unlikely) of gtk+ get it from the gtk+ homepage.

    - LADSPA - the Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API. Get it from the LADSPA homepage

    - a C/C++ compiler (gcc)

  - optional (but highly recommended)

    - liblrdf for easier handling of LADSPA plugins

    - mad for loading mp3 files.

    - libvorbis for loading ogg files.

    - libjack for JACK support.

    - libxml2 to read terminatorX set and rc files

    - zlib to create compressed XML set files to save diskspaces

    - libaudiofile for loading misc other audio files.

    - libcap for capabilties support.

    - mpg123 for mp3 pre-listening (and fallback loading if mad is not installed).

    - ogg123 for ogg pre-listening (and fallback loading if libvorbis is not installed).

    - sox for misc files pre-listening (and fallback loading of misc files).

- Hardware

  - An audiodevice capable of low-latency stereo playback and compatible with either

    - ALSA,

    - OSS,

    - JACK or

    - PulseAudio

  - A good clean mouse and pad.

A note on performance: terminatorX is known to run satisfyingly even on low-end systems. Increasing the number of turntables or plugins will of course require may require more performant hardware.

### Installation

For GNU-standards' sake this information is now located in the `INSTALL` file that came with this distribution of terminatorX.

## Operation

TerminatorX' user interface is split up into the main controls (master, sequencer, engine controls and menu buttons) and the individual turntable's controls. Each turntable has it's own interface split up into a control and a audio panel (see ).

### Menu

To clean-up the user interface a bit further some functions have been moved into a more standard menu bar for the main window (with release 3.80). The following sub-menus are available:

#### File Menu

The File menu features these functions:

- Load Audio File

  The "official" position functionality is located at the file button (that reads "NONE" on startup) for each turntable. However, a lot of people expect to find this functionality in the menu, so you can load an audio file from here, too.

- New Set

  Erases all existing turntables and sequencer events and creates a new and untouched turntable.

- Open Set File

  Allows restoring of a previously saved terminatorX set file.

- Save Set

  Saves the current turntables and events in a terminatorX set file.

- Save Set As

  Like Save but prompts for a new file name.

- Quit

#### Turntables Menu

The Turntables menu features these functions:

- Add Turntable

  Adds a new turntable to the current set of turntables.

- Assign Default MIDI Mappnigs

  Will assign the Default MIDI Mappings (see ) to all standard parameters. Existing mappings will not be overridden.

- Auto Assign Default MIDI Mappings

  When this option is enabled will always re-apply the Default MIDI Mappings (see ) whenever you load a set, add a new turntable or create a new set. Existing mappings will not be overridden.

- Clear MIDI Mappings

  Removes all currently assigned MIDI mappings.

- Record Audio to Disk

  On activation of this option, terminatorX will prompt for a file name for the RIFF/Wave file to create. Once activated terminatorX will start recording audio to disk the next time the audio engine is started - either by pressing the Power or the Play button. Recording will stop when the audio engine is stopped again. The created RIFF/Wave file will be a 16Bit/Stereo wave-file with the sampling rate selected for the current audio backend.

#### Sequencer Menu

The Sequencer (see for general information on the sequencer) menu features these functions:

- Delete All submenus

  These submenus allow you to delete sequencer events of a specific parameter or all events for a complete turntable. After selecting the the parameter/turntable of your choice a dialog will pop-up that allows you to delete all events from either:

  - the beginning of the song upto the current song position

  - the current song position upto the end of the song

  - the beginning to the end of the song (all events)

- Delete All Events

  Works the same as the Delete All submenus but selects all events for all turntables.

- Confirm Recorded Events

  Usually terminatorX will add all recorded events of a take to the song event list as soon as you hit the Stop button for the sequencer. If you enable Confirm Recorded Events terminatorX will ask you whether the recorded events should really be fed into the song list. This makes it much easier to record a certain part over and over again until you get it right.

#### Options Menu

The Options menu features these functions:

- Fullscreen

  Maximizes the terminatorX main windows to use the complete screen. Note that this requires a NETWM compliant window manager to work. By toggling this option again terminatorX' window can be resized back to the previous state again. The setting will be stored in the `~/.terminatorXrc` file.

- Preferences

  Will pop up the Preferences dialog. For more details on configuration itself see .

#### Help Menu

The Help menu features these functions:

- Contents

  Starts a gnome-help (aka yelp) process to display the very manual you are reading right now.

- About

  Selecting this menu item will cause a small dialog to pop up that contains some information on the compile time settings for the terminatorX binary as well as the license.

- Visit terminatorX.org

  Will try to spawn a browser process to load the URL http://terminatorX.org - for easy update checking or just unecessary bloat.

### Main Controls

The controls of the master GUI are located in the top and the right bar of the terminatorX main window.

- Audio Engine Power / Mouse Grab

  With the Audio Engine Button you can en- and disable the audio playback engine without activating the sequencer. Unlike earlier versions you will not automatically enter mouse-grab mode so you can modify volume/pitch/echo settings etc. while you actually hear what you do.

  Some functions are not available when the audio engine is on, their controls will be marked insensitive when you enable the engine. To actually enter grab mode you'll have to click on the "Mouse Grab" button. See to find out how to control the software then.

- Sequencer Play / Record / Stop

  Please read to find out more about the sequencer.

- Master Volume / Pitch

  The volume and pitch settings of the individual turntables are relative to these master settings. This information will be stored within the .tX set files.

### Turntable Controls

The turntable GUI contains multiple controls and the real time displays for each turntable. To save some space on your desktop and to give terminatorX the traditional audio-application look, terminatorX features "knob"-widgets. These widgets work pretty straight-forward: click somewhere within the widget and keep the left mouse-button pressed. Now move the mouse up and down or left and right to increase/decrease the control's value. All those widget are coupled with a text entry field since 3.70, which allows you to enter values directly.

A turntable is visualized by two panels: the control and the audio panel. These are no longer combined for better layout management.

Sometimes you might find a certain audio or control panel unnecessary - simply eating up space. Since release 3.73 it is possible to minimize audio and control panels to the panel bar with the tiny button with a blue bar icon in the upper right edge of each panel. This bar works just like GNOME's window list or KDE's kicker: When a panel is minimized a button in the bar will appear, representing the minimized window. On clicking this button the button will be removed and the minimized panel is displayed again. When no panels are minimized the panel bar automatically disappears to save display space.

#### Turntable Audio Panel

The complete audio-file loaded into a turntable is displayed in the green-on-black audio-widget. When playing terminatorX will indicate the current position within the sample with a red cursor (a blue/green cursor indicates the turntable is muted).

Additionally there are some controls above the audio-display:

- Turntable Label

  This label indicates the turntables name. The name can be set via the control panel

- File Button

  This button holds the name of the audio-file currently loaded. When there's no sample loaded the button will read "NONE" to indicate the current status. Click on this button to get a menu from which you can load/reload a sound file or run an external soundfile editor. Alternatively you can drag'n'drop files over the audio-display to load them.

  ##### The File Button Menu

  - Load File

    Choose this menu entry to select a soundfile from the file-selection dialog that will pop-up.

  - Reload File

    Choose this menu entry to re-read the audio-file.

  - Edit File

    This menu entry will run the external audiofile-editor (that can be specified via the options-dialog) with the current audio-file as a parameter. Choose reload after editing and saving the file.

- Mouse Mapping

  terminatorX allows mapping misc parameters to the mouse axis of your choice. These mappings will be activated in grab mode, so if you move your mouse in X or Y direction in grab mode the parameters you selected from this menu will be affected (for this turntable). Since Version 3.70 this mappings are no longer hardcoded to built-in controls but available for all parameters that qualify as "mappable". Note that this includes plugins' controls as well.

- MIDI Mapping

  This button is available only if terminatorX was built with ALSA MIDI support and the sequencer input port was created successfully on startup. For more information on terminatorX' MIDI interface see .

#### Turntable Controls

These controls are now grouped within functional panels. The number of panels depends on the number of plugins loaded. terminatorX allows hiding the controls not required via the yellow triangle button. To un-hide just click the button again. The first panels are the standard controls for a turntable, then follows the dynamic FX-section and below that follow the pitch and volume controls.

##### Main Panel

- Name Field

  The main panel features a text entry field that allows setting a name for the related turntable. The Labels for the controls and the audio-display will update accordingly.

- Delete Button

  Pressing this button remove the turntable from the current setup. Note that all sequencer events recorded for this turntable will be erased, too.

- Pitch Adj. Button

  Using two (or more) loops and terminatorX' synchronization facility usually requires adjusting the pitch of the loops so that the turntables play in sync. For precisely cut loops this usually means making them run equally fast or one running twice as fast as the other etc. Manually finding the necessary pitch values usually consumes a significant amount of time so the feature Pitch Adjust helps speeding up this process.

  Clicking this button will cause the Compute Pitch dialog to pop up. With this dialog it is possible to specify how many loops of this turntable should be played as fast as a certain amount of loops of the master turntable. After pressing the Ok button terminatorX will adjust the turntable's ptich accordingly in order to match the given playback speed requirements.

  Note that this feature is proabably useless when loading complete songs into terminatorX - it's intended for use with precisely cut loops.

##### Playback Panel

The playback panel holds all controls related to triggering the turntable. For more details on synchronization see .

- Trigger! Button

  Pressing this button triggers the turntable now. With the audio engine enabled this will cause the turntable to start playing back audio from the beginning of the sample.

- Stop Button

  Guess what, this stops this turntable's audio-playback.

- Master Button

  Enabling this button makes this turntable the sync-master. Note that only one turntable at a time can be the sync-master.

- Client Button

  This button marks the turntable as sync-client, so it will be triggered with the master automatically.

- Sync-Cycles Selection

  The sync cycles determine how often a sync-client should be triggered. With a setting of zero the sync-client will be (re-)triggered with every trigger of the sync-master. A setting of 1 will (re-)trigger the client every second master-trigger and so on.

Below the effect queue a turntable shows some more controls:

- Pitch Control

  The pitch control allows setting the default playback speed for that turntable (the "motor" speed). Negative values will result in the sample being played backwards.

- PAN Control

  This parameter allows setting the position of the turntable's main signal within the stereo panorama.

- VU Meter

  The displayed signal shows the turntable's current signal not including the echo-signal which is mixed separately.

#### Parameter Menu

TerminatorX can record events for nearly all parameters of a turntable. All of these so-called "sequencable" parameters have an extra pop-up menu since Version 3.81. Simply right-click on the knob, button, slider of the parameter you want to setup, and a menu with the following options will appear:

- MIDI Learn

  This options provides an easy method to select the MIDI control to modify the parameter you select. If you choose this menu entry, a tiny dialog box will pop up that reads "Waiting for MIDI Event...". The first MIDI event terminatorX receives will now be mapped to control this parameter.

- Remove MIDI Binding

  If a MIDI event has been bound to a parameter it can be removed by selecting this menu entry.

- Map MIDI Reverse

  This option can be turned either on or off: when enabled the maximum value of the MIDI controller will be mapped to the minimum value of the controlled parameter and the other way round.

  Note that this allows mapping a MIDI controller as a crossfader: simply map the same MIDI controller to two different turntables's volume controls (or optionally extra amplifier plugins) and reverse one of these MIDI mappings.

- Set Upper MIDI Bound

  Sometimes it is preferable to modify a certain parameter only within a specific value range - this can be achieved with this option - by setting an upper and a lower bound for the MIDI control of this parameter. When you select this menu entry, the current setting of this parameter will be used as the upper bound for the parameter's MIDI mapping.

- Reset Upper MIDI Bound

  If an upper MIDI bound was set for this parameter it can be removed by selecting this menu entry.

- Set Lower MIDI Bound

  Works just like setting the uper MIDI bound: when you select this menu entry, the current setting of this parameter will be used as the lower bound for the parameter's MIDI mapping.

- Reset Lower MIDI Bound

  If a lower MIDI bound was set for this parameter it can be removed by selecting this menu entry.

- Delete Sequencer Events

  Just like the Sequencer menu (see ) this entry allows you to delete events recorded for this specific parameter.

#### The Effect Queue

With release 3.70 the effects are no longer hardcoded into the turntable. The effects are now arranged within an per-turntable effect-queue. Additionally Version 3.82 introduces a second effect-queue that follows the first: the queue for stereo LADSPA plugin effects. The effect sequence is configurable by the user. To move an effect to higher position within the queue, press the blue upward arrow button. This will cause the effect to be rendered before the following effects. The blue downward arrow button will move the effect down by one position. It will then be rendered after the preceding effects.

There are two types of effects: the traditional built-in effects (Lowpass and Echo) and LADSPA plugins. The built-in effects are always available and cannot be removed (but disabled). There can be only one instance of a built-in effect. The LADSPA plugins on the other hand may be instantiated multiple times and can be removed from the effect queue. Press the blue cross button to achieve this.

##### An example for a terminatorX effect queue

Now since release 3.71 the built-in echo effect is treated differently from other effects. Where all other effects feed their signal back into the effect queue the echo effect doesn't touch the input signal. It's echo-signal is mixed separately from the turntable's main signal to allow a different panning value for the echo-signal. This mode of operation does have some side-effects: imagine a lowpass filter with a position after the echo effect in the effect queue. This will result in the turntable's main signal being lowpass-filtered but it will leave the echo-signal lowpass-unfiltered.

Some may call this behaviour a bug - whereas I would consider it a feature ;). Anyway if the above description didn't clear things up maybe the displayed figure does. It shows a schematic effect queue with the built-in effects and two LADSPA effects enabled. Now with this setup you will not hear anything from the second LADSPA effect in the echo-signal.

Release 3.82 introduces a menu for each LADSPA plugin. Simply click on the Plugin's label to operate the menu. Aside of displaying detailed information about a plugin, the menu also contains some new functionality: Add Dry/Wet Control. When activated the effect receives an extra Dry/Wet control that allows you to modify to what extent the effect will actually effect the turntable's signal. The extra control doesn't differ from the other controls: you can record events for it, etc. The additional control can be removed via the very same menu item that adds the control.

- FX and Stereo FX Buttons

  Press this button to load a LADSPA plugin into the effect queue of the turntable. A menu holding the available (terminatorX-"compatible") LADSPA-plugins will pop up - mono plugins are available from the FX menu, stereo plugins from the Stereo FX menu. The plugins are grouped within submenus according to the modules the plugins are contained in. Simply select the plugin you want to load from this menu and a panel for it will pop up at the end of the effect queue.

  Note that due to the wide parameter ranges some LADSPA plugins have they sometimes might be hard to control with the knob widget. In these cases you might want to use the text field to enter values. For more details on plugins see .

#### Lowpass Panel

terminatorX features a built-in resonating lowpass filter that can be configured with this panel.

- Enable Button

  Activating this button will enable the lowpass filter for this turntable.

- Input Gain Control

  With this parameter you can amplify the signal that goes into the lowpass filter if required.

- Frequency Control

  Use this parameter to set the cutoff frequency for the lowpass filter. Minimum: 0=0Hz, Maximum: 1=22KHz.

- Resonance

  Use this parameter to set the resonance-value. Minimum: 0=no resonance, Maximum: 1=max resonance.

#### Echo Panel

Additionally terminatorX features a built-in echo effect. It can be configured with this panel.

- Enable Button

  Activating this button will enable the echo effect for this turntable.

- Duration Control

  Use this parameter to set the length of the echo. The duration parameter scales to the actual sample length: so if you set it to 0.5 you will hear the echo when the red playback cursor is half way through the sample. This is true for samples that are shorter than terminatorX' maximum echo buffer size only.

- Feedback Control

  Set the echo's feedback amount with this parameter.

- Volume Control

  This parameter can additionally amplify the echo signal. Unlike the feedback parameter above this parameter has no influence on the signal fed back into the echo-buffer, it effects merely the playback volume of the echo signal.

- Pan Control

  The echo effect differs from other effects as it's output signal will be mixed separately. The main goal here is to allow positioning the echo signal at a position in the stereo panorama that differs from the main panning position of the turntable to achieve a somewhat spacial effect. The easy example is: turntable's panning left, echo's panning right. As both pan parameters are sequenceable you can create nice motion effects from this starting point.

### Synchronization

Let's start off with an example: Say you have two drum loops and one bassline loaded in three turntables. Of course you want these samples to be triggered at the same time but you don't want to invest time to cut them to the exact length. Therefore you decide which of the drum loops to make the sync master. You'll have to do this before you enable the audio engine (for now). Only one turntable can be the sync master. Now you can make the other two sync clients which will cause them to be (re-)triggered whenever the master is (re-)triggered. The number you can select to the right of the client button sets the trigger delay for the button: if it's set to zero the turntable will be triggered with every master trigger, if it's set to 1 it'll be triggered every 2nd master trigger and so on.

A nice side effect of this feature is: you can now scratch the second (sync client) drum loop and no matter whether you're scratching is good or not the beat will be triggered correctly again ;)

### Grab Mode Operation

After pressing the Mouse Grab button terminatorX enters "grab mode". This mode actually blocks the mouse (as its input is now used to control the real time parameters) and therefore you'll have to know some mouse/keyboard shortcuts to control the software without the GUI.

Press ESCAPE to quit grab mode.

Select the turntable with input focus: The first turntable to hold the input focus will be the first turntable. You can now use TAB or right mouse button to switch to the next turntable. Alternatively you can use F1 to F12 to select turntable 1 to 12.

Now the turntable that has the focus is the one you will manipulate with your mouse and keyboard inputs: Note that you can actually map different functions to the mouse x/y axis - so what actually happens when you move your mouse depends on what you select via the Mouse Mapping for each turntable.

#### Keyboard Controls in Grab Mode

Key | Function
--- | ---
TAB | select next turntable
F1 to F12 | select turntable 1 to 12
RETURN | triggers the turntable
BACKSPACE | stops the turntable
S | toggles "Sync Client"
SPACE | while pressed turntable speed is mapped to mouse speed (scratching!)
ALT | mute on/off
CTRL | mute on/off (inverted)
F | ("fast") warp mode (while scratching)
W | same as above but the audio will be muted while warping

#### Mouse Button Controls in Grab Mode

Mouse Button | Function
--- | ---
Left button | same as SPACE: scratching (triggers the turntable when stopped)
Right button | select next turntable
Middle button | mute on/off

Scratching works as before: press SPACE or left mouse button to actually scratch: now your mouse controls the turntables speed. Release it to let that turntable spin at default speed again.

### Drag And Drop

Since V3.55 terminatorX provides multiple DND-Drop-Targets for use with GNOME / gmc (gmc is the GNU Midnight Commander), Nautilus or the Enlightenment File Manager (efm). You can load an audiofile into an existing turntable by dragging it from a gmc (or efm or whatever)-window and drop it over a. the file button (audio-display) or b. (the easier target ;) over the audio-display (the green on black widget that displays the audiodata).

To add a file to the set (== to load the file into a *new* turntable) simply drop the audiofile over the "New Turntable" Button. To load a complete terminatorX-set simply drop the set file (*.tX) over the "Load Set" button.

### The Sequencer

Release 3.60 introduced the sequencer. It can record and play back events for the following parameters:

- master volume & pitch

- scratching

- (turntable) volume & pitch

- triggers

- loop (on/off)

- sync client settings

- muting

- all parameters for the effects. This includes built-in effects (lowpass and echo) as well as LADSPA plugins.

To record events simply press the Record button of the sequencer, then press the Play button. All actions (for sequenceable parameters - see above) you now take will be recorded into the song list. Press Stop and Play again to see/hear how terminatorX plays back the events recorded before. You can now record events again for e.g. another turntable or record other parameters for the same turntable - whatever you want to do. Recording events for parameters for which events have been recorded before will result in dubbing: if you touch a parameter while recording, events previously recorded will be erased from the moment you touch the parameter until you stop recording.

When recording long sequences/songs you can use the sequencer-scale to start recording/playback from any song-position you want. To record a single parameter value at a certain position simply move the sequencer-scale to that position, press Record, set the parameter and press Stop again.

To selectively delete events from the sequencer see and .

### Plugins (LADSPA)

Since release 3.70 terminatorX supports LADSPA-plugins. LADSPA is the "Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API" which was designed by developers on the Linux-Audio-Developer-Mailinglist and is maintained by Richard W.E. Furse. For more information on LADSPA, other LADSPA-hosts and LADSPA-plugins checkout the LADSPA homepage.

Not every plugin is supported by terminatorX though. As the plugins are inserted into the per-turntable effect-queue, they have to be mono or (as of Version 3.82) stereo plugins. This is why terminatorX will load plugins with one or two audio-in ports and one or two audio-out ports only.

The decision on whether a plugin is terminatorX-suitable is made on terminatorX startup, so only plugins that fit into the effect queue will be offered in the mono plugin-menu that pops up when the FX button is clicked or in the stereo plugin menu when the Stereo FX button si clicked. Depending on whether the terminatorX binary you're using was built with or without liblrdf ( ) support the plugin menu will either contain sub-menus with plugin categories (with liblrdf) or just a single menu with the Unclassified category.

On startup terminatorX will print some information on the LADSPA-plugins analysis process to the standard output if you have enabled "Verbose Plugin Loading" in the Preferences dialog. Watch the terminal you run terminatorX from for that info if you have problems loading a plugin.

As specified in the LADSPA-standard LADSPA-plugins can be located in multiple directories across the filesystem. To enable LADSPA-hosts to find those plugins you have to set the environment variable `LADSPA_PATH` accordingly. Let's say you store your plugins in `/usr/lib/ladspa` and `/home/yourlogin/plugins` then you would have to set:

`LADSPA_PATH`= `/usr/lib/ladspa:/home/yourlogin/plugins`

As a fallback terminatorX will look in the standard directories `/usr/lib/ladspa` and `/usr/local/lib/ladspa` if the environment variable is not set. Note that this is just a convenience-function, in order for other LADSPA-hosts to work properly, be sure to set your `LADSPA_PATH` correctly. It is a good idea to do that from somewhere in your system configuration (either in your rc-scripts or `/etc/profile` or wherever you prefer).

#### liblrdf support

Release 3.80 introduces support for Steve Harris' great liblrdf library which introduces an RDF based scheme to categorize LADSPA plugins. This approach allows storing additional meta-data for LADSPA plugins in separate RDF files. In order to make use of these RDF files a terminatorX binary (compiled with liblrdf support of course) requires the main `ladspa.rdfs` file and additional RDF files containing meta information about the LADSPA plugins installed. Steve Harris' wonderful plugin library comes with such an additional description file for example.

By default terminatorX will search the directories `/usr/share/ladspa/rdf` and `/usr/local/share/ladspa/rdf` for RDF files. In case the files were installed to other locations it is possible to configure the LADSPA RDF path in the Misc tab of the Preferences dialog.

If the RDF are read successfully on startup, the LADSPA menu that pops up when clicking a turntable's FX button will feature multiple sub-menus with LADSPA plugin categories (eg Amplitude/Amplifier) in which you will find the according plugins. Plugins not categorized by the RDF files reside in the Unclassified menu.

### MIDI Interface

Aside of controlling terminatorX with a regular mouse and keyboard it is possible to control parameters through MIDI events (since 3.80). The MIDI interface is based upon the ALSA sequencer API. On startup terminatorX creates a MIDI input port called "terminatorX". You can now use for example the alsa-patch-pay to connect an output port of your choice (either a hardware MIDI input device or a software generating midi events) to the terminatorX input port. If the "Restore MIDI Connections" option is activated terminatorX will try to re-connect to the MIDI ports it was connected to with the last run. However this approach is purely address-based and might fail miserably with software ports, in this case just disable the configuration options re-wire manually.

There are two ways to map MIDI events to a parameter:

- Via the Configure MIDI Bindings dialog as described below

- Via the the a parameter's menu (see )

Once the connection is set up terminatorX receives MIDI events through the input port. To configure what MIDI events will have which effect on a terminatorX turntable you can bind MIDI events to parameters of your choice by clicking the MIDI button of the turntable's audio panel. As a result the Configure MIDI Bindings dialog will pop up which features a field labelled Selected MIDI Event that will frequently update to display the contents of the last MIDI event received by terminatorX. So in order to map a MIDI controller to a specific turntable parameter select the parameter of your choice from the parameter list, cause your MIDI event sending device to emit the event you want to map the parameter on and click the Bind button.

Immediately after binding the event you should see that the Event column entry of the selected parameter is updated to match the selected event. From now on all events matching the selected event will cause the turntable parameter to be updated. The GUI for that parameter will be refreshed accordingly. Note that it is possible to map the same event to multiple parameters.

The MIDI mappings are stored within terminatorX set files so you wont have to reconfigure your bindings every time you start up terminatorX. If you are unhappy with a chosen binding you can select the parameter and click the Remove Binding button to get rid of the parameter's MIDI mapping.

TeriminatorX now features a default MIDI mapping that can be enabled via the Turntables Menu (see ). The controllers are mapped in a one channel per turntable fashion:

#### Default MIDI Controller Mapping

Turntable Parameter | MIDI Controller | MIDI CC Name
--- | --- | ---
Volume | 7 | Main Volume
Pan | 10 | Pan
Lowpass Cutoff Frequency | 12 | Effect Control 1
Lowpass Resonance | 13 | Effect Control 2
Lowpass Gain | 16 | General Purpose Controller 1
Speed | 17 | General Purpose Controller 2
Pitch | 18 | General Purpose Controller 3
Sync Cycles | 19 | General Purpose Controller 4
Echo Length | 75 | Sound Controller 6
Echo Feedback | 76 | Sound Controller 7
Echo Volume | 77 | Sound Controller 8
Echo Pan | 78 | Sound Controller 9

The toggle parameters of a turntable (where things can only be turned on or off) are mapped to MIDI NOTE events, where the first turntable is mapped to 'C', the next to 'C#', the next to 'D' and so on. The "function" of the toggle is defined via the selected MIDI channel:

#### Default MIDI Note On/Off Mapping

Turntable Parameter | MIDI Channel
--- | ---
Trigger | 0
Sync Client | 1
Loop | 2
Lowpass Enable | 3
Echo Enable | 4
Mute | 5
Motor Spin On/Off | 6

If you want to use your joystick to control terminatorX - I wrote a tiny tool to create MIDI events from joystick motion called aseqjoy. It's available from the terminatorX website, too.

### JACK Support

TerminatorX Version 3.81 brings support for the JACK Audio Connection Kit. Instead of writing audio data directly to some audio device terminatorX can send data to the JACK Daemon for further processing.

To use the JACK backend you have to ensure that the JACK Daemon is up and running before you start terminatorX. The JACK backend is only available if terminatorX was capable of connecting to the JACK Daemon on startup. By default the two output ports of terminatorX will be connected to physical ports if available. You can then re-wire the ports whatever way you want. They will not be deactivated - when terminatorX' audio engine is turned off, the audio backend emits continuous silence.

## Configuration

The main terminatorX configuration parameters can be set up via the Preferences dialog, which can be activated from the terminatorX menu. The new Preferences dialog features multiple tabs for several aspects of configuration.

A word on the settings in general: your settings are stored in an XML file ( `~/.terminatorXrc`). So if you think you completely messed up your settings you will have to exit terminatorX - delete this file - and then re-run terminatorX with the default settings. Note: is this file is now an XML file you can edit with an editor of your choice.

### Audio Tab

This tab allows to select which audio backend terminatorX should use and to set the parameters foor the different backebds. Currently there are fouroptions: the OSS (Open Sound System) backend, the ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) backend, the JACK (JACK Audio Connection Kit) backend and the PulseAudio backend. Some of these options might not be available, if your terminatorX binary wasn't compiled to support a certain backend.

The OSS and ALSA backends have dedicated configuration tabs, JACK requires no further configuration - for more details on JACK support see .

### Audio Tab - OSS parameters

Select the audio device you are going to use from the available options (or simply enter one yourself). terminatorX renders audio block-wise. In order to achieve close-to-realtime performance it is necessary to keep this blocks as small as possible. The main parameters that determine how close-to-realtime terminatorX will perform are No. of Buffers and Buffersize. The No. of Buffers parameter determines how many buffers the audio driver should use in most cases 2 should be the best setting and in rare cases 3 might give better results.

The value for the Buffersize setting will be evaluated as 2^buffersize by OSS. So if you set the value to 8 the actual buffer size will be 2^8=256 Bytes. The smaller the buffers' size the better terminatorX will perform. The default setting of 9 should be acceptable in most conditions, but if you here "clicks", or "drops" in audio output that are not related to your sample-material you will have to increase the buffer size. On the other hand if you believe terminatorX does not react fast enough you have to decrease this parameter.

Additionally you can select the sampling rate you want terminatorX to operate on - note that recording to disk will use the same sample rate.

### Audio Tab - ALSA parameters

Using ALSA for audio output allows specifing the buffer sizes in microseconds. ALSA uses a ring-buffer to process audio. The Buffer Time option lets you set the size for the complete ring buffer, while the Period Time determines how many audio samples will be transferred to the audio device per cycle. I'm not really sure on what kind of settings to recommend, however I had best results when setting the Period Time to 3rd or half of the Buffer Time.

It's advisable to set the Buffer Time to at least the double of the Period Time, but for a more detailed description check out the ALSA documentation.

### Audio Tab - PulseAudio parameters

The PulseAudio backend currently provides only a single configuration option: PulseAudio Buffer. This parameter defines the buffer size in samples that terminatorX requests when connecting to the PulseAudio daemon. Note that PulseAudio may override this value, you can run pulseaudio manually (pulseaudio -v) to trace what latency PulseAudio will actually achieve.

The buffer size is configured in samples (the size in bytes will samples * 4), for optimal latency this value should be as low as possible. If you experience underruns or other artifacts in the audio output try increasing the buffer size.

### Input Tab

Between rendering and outputting these blocks terminatorX checks for mouse motion. The problem with mice is: they don't report when they have stopped. This is why terminatorX assumes your mouse has stopped if there is no motion reported for certain amount of render/output-cycles. This value is configurable via the Stop-sense-cycles option. If you decrease your buffersize of course you shorten the cycle time as well, therefore if you here strange stop/run behaviour of the audio output while scratching after you decreased the buffer size you might have to increase the stop-sense value too.

XInput Device: WARNING: Use this option *only* if you want to use an input device other than your default-mouse for scratching. Selecting your default pointer will cause terminatorX to crash. See the "Using a turntable" section on the terminatorX homepage for details.

### User Interface Tab

With Update Idle / Update Delay you can configure GUI responsiveness: Higher Update Idle will cause the wave display (position display) and flash-widgets to update less often. Higher Update Delay values will cause the parameter widgets to update less often.

### Audio Colors and VU Colors Tab

Since Version 3.81 it is possible to configure the colors terminatorX' audio widgets. Simply click on the color you want to modify and select the tone you prefer.

### Misc Tab

You can now enter the soundfile editor of your choice in the "Sound file editor" field. This editor will be started when clicking the Edit-button in the main panel of the vtt-gui. If you enter for example "myeditor" terminatorX will run "myeditor sample_in_vtt.wav".

The LADSPA RDF Path defines where liblrdf will look for the RDF files for LADPSA Plugins.

If Compress set files is activated terminatorX will use zlib to compress set files. This is very usefull for sets that have many events recorded.

See for more details on Restore MIDI Connections. If you disable the Ask for "Quit" Confirmation option terminatorX will no longer ask if you really want to quit.

## Contact / Download

Find out more about terminatorX at it's homepage.

Send me comments, bug-reports, patches or scratches (see scratches section on the terminatorX homepage) at: alex@lisas.de