Functions
template<int spacedim, typename Number >
Number	angle (const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &a, const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &b)

template<int spacedim, typename Number >
Number	signed_angle (const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &a, const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &b, const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &axis)

Detailed Description

Functions to compute relations between spatial vectors.

Function Documentation

◆ angle()

template<int spacedim, typename Number >

Number Physics::VectorRelations::angle	(	const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &	a,
		const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &	b
	)

Calculate the angle $\theta$ between two vectors a and b. The returned angle will be in the range $[0, \pi]$ .

This function uses the geometric definition of the scalar product.

$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = \|\vec{a}\| \|\vec{b}\| \cos(\theta)$

◆ signed_angle()

template<int spacedim, typename Number >

Number Physics::VectorRelations::signed_angle	(	const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &	a,
		const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &	b,
		const Tensor< 1, spacedim, Number > &	axis
	)

Calculate the angle $\theta$ between two vectors a and b, where both vectors are located in a plane described by a normal vector axis.

The angle computed by this function corresponds to the rotation angle that would transform the vector a into the vector b around the vector axis. Thus, contrary to the function above, we get a signed angle which will be in the range $[-\pi, \pi]$ .

The vector axis needs to be a unit vector and be perpendicular to both vectors a and b.

This function uses the geometric definitions of both the scalar and cross product.

$\begin{align*} \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} &= \|\vec{a}\| \|\vec{b}\| \cos(\theta) \\ \vec{a} \times \vec{b} &= \|\vec{a}\| \|\vec{b}\| \sin(\theta) \vec{n} \end{align*}$

We can create the tangent of the angle using both products.

$\tan{\theta} = \frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(theta)} = \frac{(\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \cdot \vec{n}}{\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}}$

Note: Only applicable for three-dimensional vectors spacedim == 3.